![]() The Irrawaddy River flows through the length of Burma providing for the core area of the country. The Red River flows out of China and through Hanoi to the Red River delta on the Gulf of Tonkin. The Mekong River makes its way from the high Himalayas in China and helps form the political borders of Laos and Thailand on its way through Cambodia to Vietnam where it creates a giant delta near Ho Chi Minh City (Saigon). The three longest rivers of the realm, Mekong, Red, and Irrawaddy, are located on the mainland and have their headwaters in the high elevations of Himalayan ranges of China. The thousands of islands that make up the various countries or lie along their coastal waters create a matrix of passageways and unique physical geography. The South China Sea is a major body of water that acts as a separator between the mainland and the insular region. Bordering the many islands and peninsulas are various seas, bays, straits, and gulfs that help create the complex maritime boundaries of the realm. Southeast Asia is located between the Indian Ocean on the west and the Pacific Ocean on the east. The tropical waters of the region help moderate the climate. A tropical Type A climate dominates the region and rainfall is generally abundant. ![]() The entire realm is located in the tropics except the northernmost region of Burma (Myanmar), which extends north of the Tropic of Cancer. The islands and the mainland of Southeast Asia include a wide array of physical and cultural landscapes.
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